一件塑料成品可能由多种材料或部件制成，要将各部件结合起来，可使用机械固定件、粘合剂及焊接工艺加工。三种接合方式中，以焊接工艺的效果最佳，而且焊接形式多样，可根据不同材料、尺寸、用途而使用不同的焊接工艺。
A plastic product may be made of a variety of materials or parts. To combine the components, mechanical fixings, adhesives and welding processes can be used. In the three ways of bonding, the best welding process and various welding forms can be applied to different welding processes according to different materials, sizes and purposes.
机械固定件、粘合剂和焊接工艺均可将两种工程塑料接合。机械固定件可快速将两种部件连接，但接缝的防漏功能较差，局部应力也会使聚合物材料之间脱离。
Two kinds of engineering plastics can be joined by mechanical fixers, adhesives and welding processes. The mechanical fixer can quickly connect the two parts, but the leakproof function of the joint is poor and the local stress will disconnect the polymer materials.
粘合剂可提供良好的特性，形成防漏功能优良的接缝，可是，粘合剂处理难度较大，固化速度慢。同时，采用粘合剂粘合时，接缝准备和表面清洁度要求较高。
The adhesive can provide good properties, forming good seams of leakproof function, but the adhesive treatment is difficult and the curing speed is slow. At the same time, the preparation of the joint and the surface cleanliness are higher when the adhesive is used.
焊接可产生粘合稳固的接缝，其机械特性接近于母体材料。塑料焊接仅限于热塑性聚合物，原因在于热塑性材料可通过加热而软化。热固性聚合物在硬化之后，无法通过加热而软化。与金属相比，热塑性聚合物焊接所需的热量较少。
Welding can produce a solid bonding joint, and its mechanical properties are close to the parent material. Plastic welding is limited to thermoplastic polymers because the thermoplastic materials can be softened by heating. After hardening, the thermosetting polymer can not be softened by heating. Compared with metal, thermo plastic polymer welding requires less heat.
塑料焊接工艺可分为两类：
The plastic welding process can be divided into two categories:
A）机械移动式焊接工艺：超声焊接、摩擦焊接和振动焊接。
A) mechanical mobile welding technology: ultrasonic welding, friction welding and vibration welding.
B）外部加热式焊接工艺：热板焊接、热气焊接和植入焊接。
B) external heating welding technology: hot plate welding, hot gas welding and implant welding.
超声波焊接
Ultrasonic welding
超声焊接法通过机械高频振动而形成接缝。待装配的部件加压夹持于振荡焊头和固定焊头之间，然后与接触面呈直角，接受频率为20～40KHz的超声振动。交替式高频应力在接缝界面处产生热量，从而形成优质的焊接。用于这一工艺的工具十分昂贵，因此，适宜在生产量较大时采用。
The ultrasonic welding method forms a joint through the high frequency vibration of the machine. If the assembly part is clamped between the pressure oscillation welding head and fixed welding head, and a right angle with the contact surface is accepted, the frequency of 20 ~ 40KHz of ultrasonic vibration. The alternating high frequency stress produces heat at the interface of the joint, thus forming high quality welding. The tools used in this process are very expensive, so it is suitable to be used when the production is large.
此焊接法仅适用于焊接长度不超过数厘米的小型部件。应用领域包括在多头机上焊接医疗器材所用的阀门和筛检程序、盒体、汽车部件、吸尘器外壳等。
This welding method is only suitable for small parts with a length of no more than a few centimeters. Applications include valve and screening procedures used for welding medical equipment on a multi head machine, box body, car parts, vacuum cleaner's shell, etc.
摩擦焊接
friction welding
热塑性塑料摩擦焊接（也称为“旋转焊接”）与金属焊接的原理相同。在这种焊接工艺中，将一片基材固定，另一片基材以受控的角速度旋转。当部件压合在一起时，摩擦热导致聚合物熔融，冷却后即形成焊接。主要焊接参数包括：旋转速度、摩擦压力、锻压压力、焊接时间和熔化长度。
The principle of thermal plastic friction welding (also called "rotary welding") is the same as that of metal welding. In this welding process, one substrate is fixed, and the other base material rotates at a controlled angular velocity. When the components are pressed together, the friction heat leads to the melting of the polymer and the formation of welding after cooling. The main welding parameters include the rotation speed, the friction pressure, the forging pressure, the welding time and the melting length.
摩擦焊接能产生优良的焊接质量，焊接工艺简单，重复性强。但也由于其工艺简单，所以仅适合于至少有一个部件是圆形且不需要角度对齐的应用领域。
Friction welding can produce excellent welding quality, simple welding process and strong repeatability. But also because of its simple process, it is only suitable for at least one component in the application field that is round and does not need angle alignment.
振动焊接
Vibration welding
振动焊接也称为线性摩擦焊接。两件热塑性部件在适当的压力、频率和振幅下相互摩擦，直到产生足够的热量使聚合物熔融为止。振动停止后，部件彼此对齐，熔化的聚合物固化后形成焊接。振动焊接类似于旋转焊接，区别在于运动为直线运动而非旋转运动。这一焊接法十分快速，振动频率一般为100～240Hz，振幅为1毫米～5毫米。
Vibration welding is also called linear friction welding. Two thermoplastic components are rubbed with each other under appropriate pressure, frequency and amplitude until sufficient heat is produced to melt the polymer. After the vibration is stopped, the components are aligned with each other, and the melted polymers are solidified to form welding. The vibration welding is similar to the rotary welding, the difference is that the motion is moving in a straight line rather than a rotating motion. This welding method is very fast, and the vibration frequency is 100 ~ 240Hz, and the amplitude is 1 mm to 5 mm.
此焊接工艺的主要优点在于能高速焊接大型复杂线性部件。其它优点还包括：能同时焊接多个部件，焊接工具简单，几乎能焊接所有热塑性材料包括注塑部件、挤塑部件、吹塑部件、热成型部件、发泡部件和冲压部件，主要用于汽车和家用电器行业。
The main advantage of this welding process is that it can weld large complex linear components at high speed. Other advantages include: welding several parts, welding tools simple, almost all thermoplastic materials including injection molding parts, extrusion parts, blow molding parts, heat molding parts, foaming parts and stamping parts welding, mainly used for automobile and household appliances industry.
Dukane推出的两款振动焊接设备VWB3500（965mm×455mm）及VWB3700（1320mm×610mm），适用于焊接以玻璃充填及高效性塑料制成的汽车、家电及医疗设备部件。电磁振动头特别耐用，由于没有支承面，因此无须润滑。焊接头经过优化设计，可容纳高频的重型工具，所以焊接时间较短。
Dukane launched two vibrating welding equipment VWB3500 (965mm * 455mm) and VWB3700 (1320mm * 610mm), which is suitable for welding automobile, household appliances and medical equipment parts made of glass filling and high efficiency plastic. Electromagnetic vibration head is very durable, because there is no supporting surface, so it is not necessary to lubricate it. The welding head is designed to accommodate high frequency heavy tools, so the welding time is shorter.
线性换能器可由控制器编程，确保升降台保持的精准高度、减速点、焊接开始时间及距离。设定快速，利用自动调校功能可自动找出焊接头的共振频率。其它标准特色还包括：距离焊接、时间焊接、可编程振幅、多重设定及三级密码保护。
The linear transducer can be programmed by the controller to ensure the precise height, the deceleration point, the start time and the distance of the lifting platform. Set fast and automatically adjust the resonance frequency of the welding head by automatic adjusting function. Other standard features include distance welding, time welding, programmable amplitude, multiple setting and three level password protection.
振动焊接尤其适合热塑性材料，包括无定形树脂如ABS/PC、PVC、PMMA及PES；半结晶树脂如HDPE、PA、PP、TPO。Dukane的焊接机可接合汽车部件，例如进气歧管、仪表板、尾灯及保险杠等；航空用途如HVAC管、内饰灯及储存箱；家电则有洗碗机的泵及喷水臂、洗涤剂的喷洒器及吸尘机外壳。
Vibration welding is especially suitable for thermoplastic materials, including amorphous resins such as ABS/PC, PVC, PMMA and PES, and semi crystalline resins such as HDPE, PA, PP, and TPO. The welding machine of Dukane can engage automotive components, such as intake manifold, dashboard, taillights and bumpers. Aviation uses such as HVAC pipes, interior lamps and storage boxes; household appliances have dishwasher pumps and water spraying arms, spray washers and vacuum cleaner housings.
热板焊接
Hot plate welding
对于塑料接合来说，热板焊接是最简单的批量生产技术。高温热板夹于待接缝的表面之间，直到软化为止。此时，将热板抽出，两表面在受控压力之下贴合，保持一段特定的时间后合在一起。然后，让熔融表面冷却，形成焊接。焊接工具或加热组件配有内置电热器，以避免塑料粘连于焊接工具上。
Hot plate welding is the simplest mass production technology for plastic bonding. The hot plate is sandwiched between the surface of the joint until it is softened. At this time, the hot plate out, two surface under controlled pressure, to maintain a certain period of time after together. Then, the molten surface is cooled to form a welding. Welding tools or heating components are equipped with built-in electric heaters to avoid plastic adhesions on welding tools.
温度一般介于180℃～230℃之间，具体根据待焊接材料的厚度和类型而定。这种焊接方法常用于焊接供气、供水、污水、排水塑料管及化工行业所用塑料管的端头；将加油管和接头焊接于汽车用吹塑油箱上。
The temperature is usually between 180 and 230 degrees C, depending on the thickness and type of the material to be welded. This welding method is usually used for welding gas supply, water supply, sewage, drainage plastic pipe and end of plastic pipe used in chemical industry, and welding oil filler pipe and joint to automobile blow molding oil tank.
多种日常用品都采用这一焊接工艺，例如：吸尘
A variety of daily necessities are used in this welding process, for example: dust absorption